Tackling temporary names: interim solutions for the taxonomic impediment

Horton, T.; Rabone, M.; Ahyong, S.T.; Bieler, R.; Boyko, C.B.; Brandão, S.N.; Paulay, G.; Simon-Lledó, E.; Boydens, B.; Decock, W.; Dekeyzer, S.; Delgat, L.; Vanhoorne, B.; Vandepitte, L.

doi:/10.1007/s12526-025-01559-4

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Tackling temporary names: interim solutions for the taxonomic impediment

Horton, T.; Rabone, M.; Ahyong, S.T.; Bieler, R.; Boyko, C.B.; Brandão, S.N.; Paulay, G.; Simon-Lledó, E.; Boydens, B.; Decock, W.; Dekeyzer, S.; Delgat, L.; Vanhoorne, B.; Vandepitte, L. (2025). Tackling temporary names: interim solutions for the taxonomic impediment. Mar. Biodiv. 55(5): 76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-025-01559-4

In: Marine Biodiversity. Springer: Heidelberg; Berlin. ISSN 1867-1616; e-ISSN 1867-1624

Available in	Authors
VLIZ: Open access 418669 [ download pdf ]

Author keywords

Dark taxa; Open nomenclature; Species-level diversity; Taxonomy; Temporary names

Authors		Top
Horton, T., more Rabone, M. Ahyong, S.T., more Bieler, R. Boyko, C.B.	Brandão, S.N., more Paulay, G., more Simon-Lledó, E. Boydens, B., more Decock, W., more	Dekeyzer, S., more Delgat, L., more Vanhoorne, B., more Vandepitte, L., more

Abstract

Against a background of the climate and biodiversity crises, there is an urgent need for robust and citable biodiversity information for policy and management decisions. Species are fundamental units of biodiversity and underpin communication in biology. Delineating, describing, and naming species provide the foundation for tracking biodiversity. Taxonomists recognise over 2 million described species, the scientific names of which follow provisions of codes of nomenclature, providing stability for communication about biodiversity. However, described species represent only a fraction of global biodiversity. Current advances in the fields of molecular biology and the growing use of image-based identifications have resulted in an explosion of informal species names globally, herein referred to as temporary names, increasing the rate of discovery of undescribed species and cryptic species complexes. We define two categories of temporary names: Type 1 names that are delineated in a local context but not further assessed; and Type 2 names that have been taxonomically assessed and recognised as either new or part of an unresolved species complex. We explore the different types and uses of temporary names, indicate how they can be managed in a robust and standardised manner and demonstrate how biodiversity databases, such as WoRMS, can be expanded to allow the tracking of both formal and informal scientific names. We propose a solution for the expanding problem of temporary names by defining and recommending the addition of Type 2 temporary names to nomenclatural databases such as WoRMS. We provide practical recommendations on how such names should be selected for entry and then entered to databases in a standardised way. These recommendations are a small step forward, but their broad adoption would support the robust integration of informal and formal taxonomies.

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